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Basic structure and working principle of fuel injection pump
Sep 03,2025
Pump body: As the installation foundation, it contains a fuel passage and a drive mechanism inside. Piston coupling: composed of a plunger and a plunger sleeve, responsible for fuel compression and metering.1. Structural composition
The fuel injection pump typically consists of the following key components:Pump body: As the installation foundation, it contains a fuel passage and a drive mechanism inside.
Piston coupling: composed of a plunger and a plunger sleeve, responsible for fuel compression and metering.
Oil outlet valve components: including oil outlet valve and oil outlet valve seat, used to control the one-way flow of high-pressure fuel and prevent backflow.
Camshaft: By rotating and driving the plunger to move up and down, it achieves the processes of oil suction, pressure, and return.
Governor: Automatically adjust the fuel supply based on the engine speed to maintain stable speed (mechanical or electronic governor).
Oil control mechanism: adjusts the oil supply by changing the effective stroke of the plunger through a rack or rod.
2. Working principle (taking inline pump as an example)
Oil absorption process: The camshaft rotates to push the plunger down, and the inlet hole on the plunger sleeve opens, allowing fuel to enter the plunger chamber from the low-pressure oil chamber.
Pressure oil process: The camshaft continues to rotate, the plunger moves upward to close the inlet hole, the fuel is compressed to high pressure, and enters the high-pressure oil pipe through the outlet valve.
Return process: The plunger continues to ascend to the inclined groove or spiral groove and connects with the return hole. High pressure fuel flows back to the low-pressure chamber through the return hole, and the injection ends.
Injection timing: By adjusting the relative position (injection advance angle) between the fuel injection pump and the engine crankshaft, ensure that fuel is injected into the combustion chamber at the optimal time.TAG:
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